The primary technique is Windowing / Virtualization. Only render the rows (and sometimes columns) currently visible in the viewport, drastically reducing the number of DOM nodes.

Few Key Techniques a Huge Data Table in React:

  1. Virtualization: Use libraries like react-window, react-virtualized, or @tanstack/react-virtual.
  2. Memoization: Use React.memo on row components to prevent re-renders if props haven’t changed.
  3. Debounce/Throttle: For filtering/sorting inputs.

Server-Side Operations: For truly massive datasets, fetch data in pages/chunks (pagination/infinite scroll) instead of loading all data client-side.

Simplified Example: react-window

import { FixedSizeList as List } from 'react-window';
const Row = ({ index, style }) => ( <div style={style}>Row {index}</div>);
<List height={500} itemCount={10000} itemSize={35} width={300}> {Row}
</List>

Other Tips:

  • Debounce filters
  • Use React.memo
  • Avoid unnecessary re-renders